The Israel Defense Forces said it killed a Palestinian Islamic Jihad commander in Gaza.

ECB research in its Economic Bulletin finds euro-area households cut spending after the outbreak of war in Iran, driven mainly by heightened geopolitical uncertainty rather than faster inflation. Market confidence fell and the consumption slowdown was concentrated in discretionary spending; nominal energy outlays rose (reflecting higher transport costs) while housing and food spending remained resilient. Reductions were largest among high-income households; researchers say the nominal consumption drop appears driven by unconstrained households postponing purchases due to uncertainty. Although price rises from the Middle East conflict may have contributed, the effect remains after controlling for real income and could become entrenched if households expect conflict-related real income losses to be persistent.

Bank of Japan money-market data suggest Japan may have intervened in the FX market. Money-market expected funding shortfall was 11.4 tln yen, versus prior estimates of 5.66–6.70 tln yen.