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TS Lombard says both the US and UK could ease long-end supply pressure by shortening debt maturities, but their fiscal backdrops differ. In the UK, average government debt maturity is about 14 years, fiscal policy leans toward consolidation and rates are expected to fall, so refinancing risk from shorter maturities is relatively contained. In the US, average debt maturity is already short, fiscal policy remains expansionary and large financing needs lie ahead; TS Lombard also expects the Fed may need to hike more than current market pricing over the next 12 months. Shifting issuance toward the short end would temporarily relieve long-term supply pressure but would accelerate the exposure of government interest costs to higher policy rates, increasing fiscal sensitivity to short-term yields. As refinancing volumes rise, policymakers’ room to both suppress long-term yields and control interest expenses will narrow.

ECB Governing Council member Kazaks said the ECB stands ready to take further action if needed to return inflation from its currently "slightly unsettling" level to target. He noted consumer price growth remains "around 3%" and said it is too early to judge the outcome of next month’s meeting. After June’s first rate hike, markets have almost fully priced a 25bp increase in the deposit rate. Kazaks said: "If necessary, we are prepared to act to push inflation back to 2% within a reasonable time. We will meet again in September to assess the data and economic outlook and then decide. Given current conditions, further rate hikes have pros and cons."