Iranian parliament speaker Ghalibaf said Iran and Iraq have signed a security and border-security agreement and discussed its implementation and Iraqi security issues. He said Iran has never interfered in Iraq’s internal affairs.

Japan's foreign minister said significant challenges remain on Iran. He and Saudi Arabia's foreign minister discussed urging the U.S. and Iran to resume talks promptly, creating conditions conducive to a final agreement, and ensuring free, safe navigation through the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab al-Mandeb. He said they will deepen cooperation going forward.

The Munich Economic Research Institute said on the 21st that 23.2% of German firms reported a shortage of qualified skilled workers in July, up from 21.1% in April but below the long-term average of 31.7%. Shortages intensified in telecommunications, where firms reporting shortages rose to 31.1% from 16.3% in April; consulting and auditing firms reporting shortages climbed to 64.7% from 52.4%. In manufacturing 18.7% of firms reported shortages, up 4.5ppt from April.