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Pakistan has expanded Gulf defense ties — earlier cooperation with Saudi Arabia, a trilateral defense agreement with Saudi Arabia and Turkey, and a new defense cooperation pact with Kuwait signed on Aug. 27. Middle East specialist Wang Jin said Pakistan’s strong military capability, Sunni-majority identity and long-standing military links with Gulf states make it a preferred partner and likely to play a larger supporting role in regional security. He added this does not imply near-term displacement of US military presence or security leadership in the Gulf.

Ukrainian President Zelenskiy said Ukraine’s Main Directorate of Intelligence has evidence that a large refinery in Kstovo, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, has ceased operations. The plant processes about 17 mln tonnes of crude a year. He said other Russian refineries have also been taken offline.