Al Jazeera reported the IRGC's intelligence unit said an adversary, after failing to break the Iranian people's resistance, is resorting to "psychological warfare" to undermine stability. Fars News Agency said Iran is responding by targeting the adversary's command-and-control capabilities and striking groups attempting to foment internal divisions.

A Libya 4+4 committee on the 30th signed an agreement at the UN Support Mission in Libya (UNSMIL) headquarters in Tripoli to restructure the High National Elections Commission board and set a framework for presidential and parliamentary elections. The accord calls for elections to be held within 24 months after it takes effect and stipulates they must occur under unified administrative authority and unified state institutions; if unity cannot be achieved, an alternative mechanism will be established. The agreement requires approval by the General National Congress and the High State Council within one month of signing, otherwise approval will be sought through the UN Security Council and other channels. Presidential Council head Manfi and High State Council chair Takala were invited but did not attend; Takala said the 4+4 committee lacks legitimacy and Manfi said he would only attend after reviewing the full text.

China ethylene glycol (EG) futures most-active contract hit the daily limit-up, rising 6% to 5,331 yuan/ton.