Swiss real retail sales YoY 2.3% in July, up from 1.5% previously.

A senior Iranian armed forces spokesman said on Aug. 31 that "if Trump thinks the Strait of Hormuz is U.S. territory, he must be dreaming." He said Iran is determined to expel U.S. forces from West Asia and has used new asymmetric tactics to counter advanced U.S.-Israeli weaponry, inflicting heavy damage on the U.S.-Israeli coalition. Despite significant economic cost, Iranian drones and ballistic missiles have, he said, penetrated U.S. and Israeli defenses and successfully struck pre-designated targets at U.S. bases and on occupied territory.

Australia August S&P Global Manufacturing PMI (final) 52, prior 52.