Cui Dongshu’s Jan–Jul 2026 analysis: global vehicle sales 56.11 mln units; new-energy vehicle (NEV) sales 13.52 mln, NEV penetration 24.1% (BEV 16.8%, PHEV 7.3%). Conventional hybrids (non-plug) accounted for 8.1%. NEV penetration rose from 13.1% in 2022 to 15.9% in 2023, 19.5% in 2024 and 23.6% in 2025, reaching 24.1% in Jan–Jul 2026. Country-level penetration: Germany 32.6%, Norway 81%, UK 35%, US 7%, Japan 4%, underscoring pronounced geographic imbalance in NEV adoption.