German Interior Minister Dobrindt said Germany's freedom is being threatened by external Russian drones and by pro‑Moscow figures inside parliament.

An Austrian former diplomat said current threats between the U.S. and Iran are primarily psychological and unlikely to trigger large-scale military operations in the Middle East. He said Iran appears unwilling to open direct war with Arab neighbors or strike targets in Europe, and that recent rhetoric is largely information warfare rather than a signal of imminent military escalation. He added the November U.S. midterm elections will be a key decision point: Trump is unlikely to stand down on conflict issues, and post-election outcomes could determine the president’s freedom of action and may prompt concrete measures to weaken Iranian resistance.

UAE presidential foreign policy adviser says rebuilding trust with Iran could take decades.