Major German economic research institutes on Thursday raised growth forecasts to 1.3% for 2026 and 1.1% for 2027, up from prior estimates of 0.6% and 0.9%, citing resilience to an energy-price shock tied to the Iran war. Ifo said its September business climate index rose to 89.9 from 88.8 in August, above the 89.0 analyst consensus. Preliminary PMI data released Wednesday showed German activity accelerating at the fastest pace in nearly a year.

EIA天然气报告：截至9月18日当周，美国天然气库存总量为33510亿立方英尺，较此前一周增加530亿立方英尺，较去年同期减少1460亿立方英尺，同比降幅4.2%，同时较5年均值高950亿立方英尺，增幅2.9%。

State media reported Saudi Arabia, Turkey and Pakistan will hold a meeting of senior military commanders to discuss supporting Saudi under a trilateral mutual-defense agreement. The Saudi foreign ministry said the meeting follows an attack by Houthi forces in Yemen and that the three countries will back Saudi "right to self-defense." Riyadh described the meeting as "emergency." It is unclear which specific military measures will be considered. The consultations come amid heightened regional security tensions as Saudi seeks closer defense coordination with regional partners.