The Ministry of Transport, NDRC, Ministry of Finance and Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security jointly issued guidance to deepen reform of urban bus enterprises, calling for place-based public-transport development. Authorities endorse a one‑city‑one‑policy approach to adapt to new urbanization and changing travel patterns. In megacities and large cities with rail networks, accelerate building a public-transport system with urban rail as the backbone and buses as the base. Large cities

The Ministry of Transport, NDRC, Ministry of Finance and Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security jointly issued guidance to deepen reform of urban bus enterprises, calling for place-based public-transport development. Authorities endorse a one‑city‑one‑policy approach to adapt to new urbanization and changing travel patterns. In megacities and large cities with rail networks, accelerate building a public-transport system with urban rail as the backbone and buses as the base. Large cities without a rail network should develop layered bus networks (express/main/branch/micro) to support peak commuting. Other large and small‑to‑mid sized cities should prioritize buses for basic mobility for the elderly and low‑income groups. The guidance also encourages metropolitan commuter bus corridors and integrated urban‑rural public‑transport development.