英国央行行长贝利：当冲击变得更加频繁、潜在增长减弱，并且冲击的接连发生导致政府债务水平上升时，政府利用资产负债表来缓冲严重经济下滑的难度将大大增加。

German magazine WirtschaftsWoche reports Iranian intelligence is suspected of targeting two US bases in Germany: Ramstein in Rhineland-Palatinate and Spangdahlem in the Eifel. Multiple Western intelligence sources say roughly three weeks ago agencies including Israeli intelligence warned US and German counterparts; the New York Times has similarly reported. Spangdahlem hosts the USAF 52nd Fighter Wing and F-16s and has served for months as a logistics transit hub for deploying fighters to the Iran theater. Ramstein is headquarters for US Air Forces in Europe and Africa, a primary transit node for US–Middle East transport and operations, and houses a satellite relay station that forwards drone communications from the Middle East. Sources say the bases are being targeted because of their direct role in US operations against Iran.

A Japanese official says Japan is assisting other countries in building institutional frameworks and infrastructure for strategic petroleum reserves.