俄罗斯副总理诺瓦克：随着炼油厂在维护后恢复运营，预计11月和12月出口将进一步增加。

Spot gold surpassed $4,190/oz, up 1.37% on the day.

The Washington Post reported the US blockade of Iranian ports has cut Iran’s oil exports to very low levels, costing Tehran tens of billions of dollars in monthly revenue. A senior Trump administration official said the White House believes time is on the US side, arguing prior rounds of pressure were cushioned by oil income but the current port blockade is removing that buffer and amplifying sanctions’ effects. The administration expects the blockade to further weaken Iran’s capacity to absorb economic pain, but to date the losses have not produced concessions on key negotiating demands and the stalemate remains.