Bank of Korea governor said whether the AI boom will raise the policy-neutral rate remains to be seen.

European equities closed higher on Monday Oct 12: Germany's DAX +197.82 pts (+0.79%) to 25,285.09; UK's FTSE 100 +102.85 pts (+0.97%) to 10,654.90; France's CAC 40 +29.55 pts (+0.38%) to 7,832.88; EUROSTOXX 50 +27.98 pts (+0.45%) to 6,201.35; Spain's IBEX 35 +255.47 pts (+1.34%) to 19,288.57; Italy's FTSE MIB +290.19 pts (+0.58%) to 50,036.50.

UK consumers held back overall spending in September, with most incremental outlays going to fuel while warm weather supported pubs and depressed clothing sales, the British Retail Consortium and Barclays said. The BRC said total retail sales rose 1.3% YoY in September, up from 0.7% in August but below the 12-month average of 1.5%. Barclays’ card-spend series showed annual growth of 2.0% in September, down from 2.1% in August. Barclays’ household financial confidence index climbed to a seven-month high of 67, yet 68% of consumers said they were concerned about Chancellor John Healey’s Oct. 28 budget and 30% reported cutting discretionary spending.