ECB Executive Board member Pereira said economic growth has exceeded expectations; it would not be surprising if that momentum continued over the next few months.

Iranian parliament speaker Ghalibaf said negotiating and US promises cannot guarantee Washington will stop attacking Iran. He outlined a two-stage strategy: first win strategic advantage through fighting, then use that leverage to compel the US to accept an understanding, converting military gains into political benefits, resources and time to strengthen deterrence. He said fighting alongside negotiations does not imply endless war but aims to pressure the enemy into accepting Iran’s legitimate demands. Ghalibaf accused the US of breaking prior commitments and said Washington must be punished, change its behavior and ultimately accept Iran’s terms.

韩国8月货币供应M2月率 0.9%，前值0.30%。