Pakistani security sources said on the 17th that Afghan armed personnel opened fire without provocation in the Pakistan-Afghanistan border area of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in northwest Pakistan; Pakistani security forces returned fire.

Iran's parliament on Oct. 18 approved a new defense minister. The appointee, a decades-long defense industry official with senior roles in aerospace and missile programmes who is under U.S. and EU sanctions, told lawmakers he will rebuild Iran's military-industrial base, speed defence-technology R&D and expand cooperation with private firms. He said Tehran has taken necessary measures to respond if the U.S. uses the 'Mother of All Bombs' and warned: 'If the U.S. makes another strategic miscalculation, the Iranian people and Islamic fighters will respond unexpectedly and on a large scale.' He added: 'The U.S. president should focus on ensuring safe withdrawal of U.S. forces from our region. If he drops a bomb, let's see how many U.S. soldiers are carried out of the region sideways.'

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