An IMF official recommended that amid sustained shocks countries treat the exchange rate as their first line of defense.

ECB chief economist Lane said the euro's broad global use could help the ECB control inflation. Supplying euro liquidity to foreign jurisdictions could strengthen the currency's global standing.

A private‑fund monitoring platform reports 10,818 China private securities products with performance records through Sept. 30 posted an average return of 2.37% for the first three quarters; 6,133 (56.69%) recorded positive returns. By strategy: futures and derivatives (1,344 products) led with an average 6.39% and 72.17% positive; equity strategy (6,786) averaged 1.92% with 51.69% positive; multi‑asset (1,607) averaged 1.83% with 61.85% positive; bond strategy (721) averaged 0.34% with 63.11% positive; fund‑of‑funds strategy (360) averaged 0.28% with 57.22% positive.