Italy's Prime Minister Meloni said about €5 billion of the budget will be funded by banks.

Flavio Bolsonaro, son of former president Jair Bolsonaro and Liberal Party candidate, said in an open letter on the 28th he is the 'Brazil leader' and will organize opposition to President Lula from abroad. He thanked Argentina's President Milei and U.S. President Trump, said he was not 'fleeing Brazil' but had left 'for Brazil', and said his father's imprisonment and his own 'political persecution' prevent him from leading the opposition domestically.

China night futures session opened; main contracts mostly higher. Asphalt rose over 3%; ethylene glycol (EG), fuel oil, SC crude and polyethylene gained more than 2%; methanol, polyester staple fiber (PSF) and bottle‑grade PET up around 2%. Decliners: caustic soda down about 2% and metallurgical coke down about 1%.