Saudi Arabia has discussed a possible non-aggression pact between Middle East states and Iran as part of postwar regional security planning, with diplomats saying Riyadh is looking at the 1970s Helsinki Process as a model and considering multiple options. The UAE has taken a harder line on Iran during the war and may resist joining any such framework, while Saudi Arabia and several Gulf states are backing Pakistan-led mediation efforts and deepening coordination with Pakistan, Turkey, and Egypt

Saudi Arabia has discussed a possible non-aggression pact between Middle East states and Iran as part of postwar regional security planning, with diplomats saying Riyadh is looking at the 1970s Helsinki Process as a model and considering multiple options. The UAE has taken a harder line on Iran during the war and may resist joining any such framework, while Saudi Arabia and several Gulf states are backing Pakistan-led mediation efforts and deepening coordination with Pakistan, Turkey, and Egypt on defense and economic ties, including a Saudi-Pakistan mutual defense pact signed in September.