French President Macron said regional stability should begin with Lebanon; the most urgent priority is for all weapons to stop firing completely and for a permanent ceasefire.

Israel's defense minister KATZ said Israeli forces will maintain a garrison at the strategic Beaufort Castle in southern Lebanon as part of a 'southern Lebanon security zone'. KATZ said the Israeli flag was raised again on high ground overlooking the Galilee after a 26-year withdrawal and that forces have re-established control of Beaufort Castle and will remain stationed there. He said control of the castle and expanded ground operations are intended to send a clear signal to opponents, warning that those who threaten Israeli civilians will progressively lose strategic assets.

The Ukrainian General Staff said overnight on 30-31 its forces struck multiple Russian oil, gas and military targets. It reported the Saratov refinery caught fire after an attack in the early hours of the 31st; the refinery is described as a key fuel facility with a design capacity of 7.0 mln tonnes/year. The General Staff also said strikes hit an oil pump station in Kirov Oblast, a large tank farm in Matveyev Kurgan (Rostov Oblast), a command post and observation posts on the eastern Kursk border at Begosha, drone command centres and a drone repair plant in Grafovka (Belgorod Oblast) and at Kalinovye in Donetsk region. Separately, it said on the 30th Ukrainian forces struck storage at the Feodosia oil terminal in Crimea and the Yenakiieve gas storage in western Donetsk region.