Shanghai Gold Exchange: Gold T+D closed up 0.91% at 939.9 yuan/gram; Silver T+D closed down 0.51% at 16,651 yuan/kg on June 16.

Convera's George Vessey said the 2016 Brexit referendum has had a lasting impact on sterling. Since the vote, GBP/EUR has averaged 1.16 versus 1.27 in the prior decade, and GBP/USD has averaged 1.30 versus 1.60 previously. Vessey says sterling's market behaviour has structurally changed: it is now more sensitive to global risk appetite, protection against sterling moves has become more expensive, and the currency exhibits a persistent downside tilt.

歐盟與法國將於週三簽署150億歐元的國防貸款協議。