On June 23, during a visit to Pakistan, President PEZESHKIAN said the Iran‑US memorandum of understanding does not cover Iran’s missiles and that Iran will never negotiate its defensive capabilities; he added that without its missiles Iran would have been flattened by the US and Israel like Gaza. Pakistan Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif said banning Iran from possessing ballistic missiles while other countries have them would be a double standard, calling that unacceptable and illogical.

Researchers at the Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Shenyang National Center for Materials Science led by Wang Chunyang used atomic-scale super-resolution imaging to reveal, for the first time, the atomic origins of failure in LiCoO2 cathodes operating at ultrahigh voltages. The study, titled Atomic origins of ultrahigh-voltage failure in LiCoO2 cathodes, was published in the Journal of the American Chemical Society after nearly two years of work and is presented by the authors as a major advance in understanding battery-material failure under extreme conditions.

As of June 22, margin financing on the Shanghai Stock Exchange was CNY 1,505.56 bln, up CNY 10.37 bln from the previous trading day; on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange it was CNY 1,458.12 bln, up CNY 18.65 bln. Combined margin financing totaled CNY 2,963.68 bln, up CNY 29.02 bln day-on-day.