S&P says U.S. outlook is stable, citing expectations of continued robust U.S. growth and monetary policy that is credible and effective.

Qianyi Aerospace's reusable launch vehicle Xuaniao-R completed ascent-stage force measurements in a Ma0.3–4.0 wind-tunnel campaign at the China Aerospace Aerodynamics Technology Research Institute. Test and simulation data showed consistent trends with controllable errors and high overall agreement, validating Xuaniao-R's preliminary aerodynamic simulation methods and supporting refined aerodynamic shaping as the program shifts from digital simulation to engineering verification.

New York gold futures extended intraday gains to 1.00%, trading at $4,088.40/oz.