India and Australia agreed in a joint statement to strengthen maritime cooperation through a maritime security cooperation roadmap.

德黑蘭戰略研究中心研究員Ali Akbar Dareini表示，伊朗並不尋求戰爭。伊朗是受害者，美國和以色列纔是侵略者。而現在，特朗普實際上是在撕毀他自己簽署的備忘錄。美國的軍事行動已將局勢推回備忘錄簽署前的狀態，且可能引發“超出控制範圍”的局勢升級。Dareini指出，伊朗可能會選擇橫向戰爭，即在整個中東地區展開行動，因爲雖然伊朗不想打仗，但面對那些瞄準其控制霍爾木茲海峽所依賴的基礎設施的小規模軍事打擊，伊朗是無法容忍的。

ING analyst Chris Turner says expectations that the ECB may raise rates again in September are supporting the euro. He notes renewed US‑Iran tensions drove oil sharply higher on Wednesday but the euro showed resilience as euro swap rates rose more than US short‑end rates, narrowing yield differentials in the euro's favor. Turner added that the prospect of further Fed tightening remains the dominant theme and could push EUR/USD below 1.14.