阿聯酋國防部：在伊朗向中東各地發動襲擊後，阿聯酋“監測與追蹤系統正以最高戰備水平全天候高效運行”。

Ukrainian military says it struck an oil refinery in Russia's Samara region.

An Iranian university professor, Hakimeh Saghaye-Biriyah, said the memorandum was never properly implemented and its first paragraph is effectively void. She said Israel has neither agreed to withdraw from southern Lebanon nor stopped strikes on Lebanese territory, while the United States continues to reserve the right to use force—an approach she said contravenes the spirit of the memorandum's first paragraph. She stressed the memorandum’s sovereignty clause covers land, territorial waters and airspace, and said Iran is watching whether the US will respect Iranian sovereignty in waters of the Strait of Hormuz or seek ways to circumvent it. She said these developments call into question whether the memorandum was ever executed in practice.