The United Kingdom and the European Union have formally signed a treaty on the status of Gibraltar.

Customs data: China’s 1H exports of machinery and electrical products totaled 9.36 trn yuan, up 20.1%, accounting for 63.5% of total exports (up 3.5 ppts year‑on‑year). High‑technology exports were 3.26 trn yuan, up 39%. Imports rose 28.8% in 1H, outpacing export growth by 8.7 ppts; import growth by category: energy and other bulk commodities +3.4%, machinery & electrical +28%, agricultural products +8.6%.

美聯儲主席沃什：美聯儲在2020年時的框架是個錯誤，未能成功。