據路透調查：所有74位經濟學家均表示，歐洲央行將在7月23日維持存款利率於2.25%不變。

Federated Hermes portfolio manager Karen Manna said the firm still expects the Federal Reserve to largely remain on hold and that inflation remains one of the hardest macro variables to predict. The move from the post-2008 low-inflation regime to pandemic-era inflation was driven by supply-chain disruptions, shifts in consumption and labor-market imbalances; many of those distortions have eased, but new factors — tariffs enacted last year, reduced economic visibility around last autumn’s government shutdown, elevated energy prices and large AI-related capital expenditures — continue to cloud the outlook. Manna warned disinflation may be more uneven and episodic than in prior cycles, reinforcing the Fed’s cautious, data-dependent approach.

Kuwait defense ministry spokesman said Iran's "aggressive actions" targeted multiple critical facilities, causing property damage but no casualties.