YONHAP: U.S. tightening of student-visa rules will affect more than 13,000 South Koreans in the United States.

The Kremlin said U.S. investigations previously confirmed there was no Russian interference in U.S. elections.

South Korean retail investors sharply reversed ETF positions across two trading days, buying inverse ETFs on index rallies and flipping to leveraged ETFs on the KOSPI's crash. Data from Koscom and Timefolio Asset Management on the 16th show the top retail net buys were KODEX SK Hynix single-stock leveraged ETF 265 bn won, KODEX Leverage ETF 197.4 bn won and TIGER SK Hynix single-stock leveraged ETF 124.1 bn won; the KOSPI fell 6.37% and SK Hynix plunged 11.53% that day. The biggest retail net sells were the KODEX 200 Futures Inverse 2x ETF 136.3 bn won, SOL SK Hynix Futures Single-Stock Inverse 2x ETF 96.4 bn won and KODEX Inverse ETF 46.9 bn won. Flows on the prior trading day (15th) were almost exactly opposite. Market participants note single-stock leveraged ETFs are high-risk and losses can be multiplied in extreme volatility.