South Korea's deputy finance minister said there are signs the 'herd effect' in USD/KRW trading is easing.

The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology said on July 22 it has issued a notice launching a national program to construct national-level zero-carbon factories and zero-carbon compute facilities. The notice defines application and selection criteria: manufacturing enterprises and compute facilities with an existing construction basis, clear construction targets, a defined implementation path and a pledge to meet targets within the prescribed deadline will be preferentially included on the national zero-carbon factory list.

Iran has launched retaliatory strikes on military and civilian infrastructure in Gulf states and Jordan while deliberately avoiding US naval assets near its coast and attacks on Israel proper. Analysts say the pattern is designed to apply pressure on US President Trump while minimizing the risk of a broader war. Retired Lebanese brigadier-general Elias Hanna warned that striking US naval forces would invite devastating US retaliation and noted such targets are heavily defended and technically difficult to hit. Tehran University political-science professor Atifeh Tajiani said the US is leveraging Gulf partners, notably Kuwait, and US naval positioning to target or pressure Iranian civilian infrastructure, a dynamic that raises regional tensions and complicates Iran’s response calculus.