Spot gold rose more than 2% intraday, breaching $4,160/oz. Spot silver jumped over 3% to $60.62/oz.

The Financial Times estimates the Trump administration has obtained more than $13bln this year from Venezuelan oil sales but has disclosed little on how the proceeds have been used. The US has said the funds "will be used for the benefit of the American and Venezuelan people." Six months after Washington took control of the money, economists report few signs of Venezuelan economic recovery, which may indicate not all proceeds have been returned to Caracas. Venezuela continues to seek access to overseas assets, including IMF-held balances and gold held by the Bank of England.

Companies said Russian attacks on energy infrastructure in Ukraine's northern Chernihiv region cut power to more than 100,000 users.