Japan's finance minister Katayama said the U.S. Treasury's FX report referenced a U.S.-Japan joint statement noting excessive exchange-rate volatility is undesirable.

Russian central bank governor Nabiullina said the central bank assumes firms will restore production capacity by year-end.

US officials said on the 23rd the government is concerned recent escalation of operations against Iran has led to rapid depletion of air‑defense interceptors and precision‑guided munitions. Officials speaking anonymously said the early phase of strikes consumed precision weapons at a pace now deemed unsustainable. The military has shifted toward satellite‑guided JDAMs and small‑diameter bombs; long‑range cruise missiles such as Tomahawk remain in inventory but are being used more cautiously. Air‑defense interceptors have been heavily expended defending US interests in the Persian Gulf amid Iranian drone and missile strikes on bases. Regional partners, citing repeated attacks on targets in Kuwait and Bahrain, are urging a halt to the fighting.