Fed Chair Kevin Warsh said the Fed has spent substantial time reviewing its monetary policy, tools and available data.

China stocks rebounded to close higher: Shanghai Composite +0.40%, Shenzhen Composite +1.10%, ChiNext +1.55%; Beijing Stock Exchange 50 +0.85%, STAR 50 -0.87%. Turnover across Shanghai and Shenzhen was CNY2.3t, up CNY270.8b from the prior session; more than 4,100 stocks advanced. Innovative-drug names continued to run. C Changxin jumped 12.6% to CNY52.95 on turnover near CNY45.0b. Securities and power sectors led gains—Hualin Securities and Jingneng Power hit daily limit-ups (Guiguan Power earlier also limit-up). Gaming stocks outperformed, with Century Huatong +9.5% and Giant Network earlier at limit-up. Lithography-equipment shares tumbled over 10% (Maolai Optical, Lanying Equipment, Xinlai Materials among biggest decliners). Brain–computer interface plays weakened, with Innovation Medical hitting the down limit. Memory-chip names fell for a second day—Weidao Nano slid over 10%, with Tongfu Microelectronics and peers following lower.

Iraq's Popular Mobilization Forces (PMF) said US and Saudi airstrikes struck multiple PMF headquarters across Iraq, causing casualties and damage to facilities. The PMF called the attacks an "extremely dangerous escalation" and a violation of Iraqi sovereignty and state security institutions. It said authorities are monitoring the situation and conducting damage and casualty assessments.