西班牙7月調和CPI年率初值 3.8%，預期3.7%，前值3.60%。

Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella said clients must be able to freely switch between closed‑source and open‑source AI models. On a Wednesday analyst call he said the number of Microsoft customers building with multiple models has quadrupled since the start of the year. Nadella urged decoupling system frameworks from models so any given model is replaceable at any time and customers can deploy frontier models or use multiple models in production. Microsoft has investments in OpenAI and Anthropic and last week joined Nvidia and Palantir in signing a public letter backing open models.

英國央行行長貝利：需求疲軟限制了更高的成本向價格的傳導。