Saudi Arabian TV cited sources saying Israel has demanded the removal of mid-level Hamas military commanders from Gaza and the establishment of a sufficiently large buffer zone inside the Gaza Strip.

MOFCOM and eight other departments issued guidance to boost lower-tier market activity and county-level consumption, directing financial institutions to improve service quality and expand finance for lower-tier consumption and consumer commercial facility projects. The guidance supports eligible wholesale, retail and service consumption enterprises issuing bonds and pursuing listings for financing. Trade and distribution firms that meet conditions and open new county-level chain stores may apply for entrepreneurship guaranteed loans and receive interest subsidies.

Syria's foreign minister said Syria has the right to use nuclear energy for civilian and peaceful purposes.