Japan 5-year bond yield fell 2.5bps to 2.125%.

Politico reports several US independent oil producers are expected to sign production contracts with Venezuela's state oil company PDVSA on Tuesday; three people familiar with the matter said the signing ceremony is scheduled for Tuesday evening in Houston.

On the 18th, Iran's foreign minister Araqchi said recent clashes show countries without US military bases suffer less damage, and that US bases cannot shield US interests from strikes by resistance forces. He said Qatar and Pakistan played effective mediating roles between Iran and the US and that Tehran's ties with Qatar are currently very good. He urged a new Middle East security concept based on "common security" and addressing economic imbalances, warning the Persian Gulf cannot achieve lasting peace without comprehensive cooperation.