Iran's armed forces spokesman said the country's military strategy has shifted from defensive to offensive.

The Munich Economic Research Institute said on the 21st that 23.2% of German firms reported a shortage of qualified skilled workers in July, up from 21.1% in April but below the long-term average of 31.7%. Shortages intensified in telecommunications, where firms reporting shortages rose to 31.1% from 16.3% in April; consulting and auditing firms reporting shortages climbed to 64.7% from 52.4%. In manufacturing 18.7% of firms reported shortages, up 4.5ppt from April.

丹麥環境部：丹麥因漏油事件向警方舉報道達爾能源。