UK Prime Minister Burnham said the Kremlin spends about £1.3 billion a year on information operations.

Sept 22 — CHINA STATE PLANNER deputy director of policy research Li Chao said authorities aim to grow the Beidou industry to over 1 tln yuan within five years. Measures include: accelerate top-level design and R&D on high-end chips, key components and fusion algorithms; promote integration of Beidou with AI and satellite internet; optimize satellite navigation infrastructure and cultivate larger, higher-quality firms to secure reliable timing and positioning infrastructure. They will also fast-track the Regulations on Satellite Navigation of the People’s Republic of China, strengthen industry standards and testing/certification systems, and push for greater acceptance of certification results and improved application-service support to underpin scale adoption. Finally, they will deepen multilateral cooperation on technology exchange, talent development and joint demonstrations to expand Beidou products and services overseas.

Reserve Bank of Australia Governor Bullock said the Australian dollar (AUD) reflects commodity prices and interest-rate differentials.