由於埃尼集團和SOCAR決定設定價格上限，意大利高速公路網絡平均燃油價格降至每升2.214歐元（汽油）和每升2.420歐元（柴油）。

Japan's 2-year government bond yield rose 2bps to 1.955%, the highest since April 1995.

The Financial Times reports European governments are discussing a new collective mechanism to respond to Russian aggression that falls below the threshold for an armed attack. Some states say existing tools have failed to deter Russia's hybrid tactics—sabotage, arson and measures to foment instability—and while views differ on specific responses, an increasing number favour a coordinated mechanism to act against incidents that would not trigger NATO's Article 5 collective‑defense clause. EU defence commissioner Kubilius said: If we are facing hybrid warfare, we need hybrid defence…we will study how to define the instruments we need to be prepared to use. EU defence ministers meet in Brussels on Monday to consider a Commission proposal for an emergency security pact that could be triggered to coordinate responses; the mechanism would be similar to consultations under NATO's Article 4.