European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA), citing a conflict-zone information notice, advises carriers to avoid Jordanian airspace at all altitudes and flight levels.

The Bank of England warned in its quarterly Financial Stability Report that AI valuations remain at risk of a sharper correction than in July, and that such a collapse could have broad effects on global growth and sovereign bond yields. Policymakers said interconnected vulnerabilities in the financial system are rising and the likelihood of simultaneous shocks has increased. The Bank flagged the multi-trillion-dollar AI market as a major risk and cited a renewed escalation in the Middle East, which could trigger a longer-lasting negative supply shock and raise sovereign debt risk. The Bank reiterated prior warnings that asset froth may be forming across AI-related equities, credit markets and sovereign debt.

India's embassy in Saudi Arabia said it is monitoring the health of an Indian pilot on a Dubai airline flight that diverted and landed in Tabuk; the pilot has been admitted to a hospital in northwest Tabuk and is receiving medical treatment.