俄羅斯副總理諾瓦克：俄羅斯在保護煉油廠方面做了大量工作。

Saudi-led coalition spokesman Turki al-Maliki said on social media on the 1st that coalition forces intercepted and destroyed two ballistic missiles and four UAVs launched by Yemen's Houthi movement toward southwest Saudi cities Khamis Mushait and Jazan.

Oil rose for a third session as signs of escalation in the Middle East stoked concerns about disruptions to regional energy flows. A U.S. official said the PENTAGON may deploy an aircraft carrier and roughly 10,000 sailors and Marines to the Persian Gulf to give Trump more options to escalate military action against Iran. The buildup comes after markets had begun to ease earlier supply fears; Wall Street analysts said this week regional crude output is approaching pre-war levels while refined-product availability remains below that level. Latest signs suggest a U.S. naval blockade is cutting Iran out of energy markets: Iran appears to have loaded no crude onto tankers in September. Futures swung sharply this week as traders weighed improving crude flows against the risk of wider escalation. The U.S.-Iran war has entered its eighth month with scant diplomatic progress; Brent is up about 70% year-to-date.