沙特國防大臣：麥加聯盟啓動集體威懾機制，應對針對沙特的襲擊。

Saudi Aramco set November OSP for Arab Light to Asia at a $5/bbl discount to the Oman/Dubai average, a $3/bbl cut from October and the largest discount since June 2020, surprising markets that had expected a $3/bbl increase. Aramco cut Asia OSPs for Arab Medium and Arab Heavy by $5/bbl each. After resuming exports via the Red Sea port of Yanbu, Aramco raised November OSPs for all grades to Northwest Europe and the Mediterranean by $3/bbl; U.S. OSPs were unchanged. OPEC+ left November production targets unchanged on Sunday, in line with expectations and implying little likelihood of further output policy changes before next year.

German chancellor MERZ said Germany will step up defenses on NATO's eastern flank and deepen cooperation with Lithuania to counter security threats from Russia. He said Berlin and Vilnius will expand cooperation on cyber defense, armed forces and the defense industry to repel Russian "hybrid attacks", strengthen deterrence, continue support for Ukraine and push Russia toward peace negotiations.