ECB accounts said acknowledging high uncertainty is prudent and that sustained vigilance remains essential.

New York Fed September consumer survey: one-year inflation expectations rose to 3.9% from 3.6% in August, the highest since May 2023. Three-year expectations increased to 3.3% from 3.2%; five-year expectations remained at 3.0%. Households raised expected price gains for gasoline, food, rent, medical care and college. Respondents downgraded assessments of current and future finances and reported tighter perceived access to credit, though concern about inability to repay debt eased. Labor-market expectations improved: respondents saw a lower probability of higher unemployment in a year, reported less worry about involuntary job loss, and were more confident about finding a new job if displaced.

South Korean media report Samsung Electronics' Mobile Experience (MX) division has begun cutting fourth-quarter smartphone output, with reductions reportedly as high as 30%. Market participants say the move reflects a sharp holiday-season surge in memory-chip prices that is squeezing MX operating margins.