IRNA said Iran-Russia gas agreement and interconnection of Caucasus energy networks were focal points at a Russian energy forum.

Kyodo reported on 17 that the Japanese government is considering raising corporate taxes to help finance an expected increase in defense spending. Tokyo is revising its three security documents; the new defense buildup plan for fiscal 2027–31 envisages large-scale purchases of drones and increased ammunition and missile stockpiles to prepare for prolonged operations. A senior government official told Kyodo that, on the defense ministry’s estimates, spending over the next five years could swell to ¥70–80 trillion (about $443–506 billion at ¥158/$1). The proposal is likely to draw opposition from the business community.

President Trump said he will consider whether to retain White House press secretary Zakaria, saying the decision depends on her.