UK Ministry of Defence said the Royal Air Force will carry out defensive missions and will not conduct offensive strikes against Houthi forces.

Germany's DAX index fell as much as 1.00% intraday.

South Korean stocks fell over 3% on Tuesday, with the KOSPI closing at its lowest level since April 7 as semiconductor shares slid on AI-investment worries. The KOSPI dropped 215.27 points, or 3.73%, to 5,552.74 after a two-day rebound. Daishin Securities analyst Lee Kyoung-min said: "The recent rebound has limited sustainability because concerns over credit and profitability around AI investment have not been fully dispelled."