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France's 10-year bond yield rose to 5% on Wednesday, a 24-year high, signaling investor concern about the country's fragile fiscal position. Global yields have climbed this year after central banks tightened amid surging energy prices, but France's borrowing costs have risen faster than most peers; the spread to the 10-year German bund is about 157 bps, near its widest since 2011. Markets say French debt is under extra pressure as a weakened government seeks to pass a deficit-cutting budget amid large-scale protests and a hotly contested election next year.

Reserve Bank of India deputy governor Gupta said the duration and size of the rate-hike cycle will depend on real GDP growth and the path and outlook for inflation.