France is partnering with 10 European allies to expand its role as a nuclear
power and strengthen deterrence against Russia under a plan President Macron
calls "forward deterrence". First announced in March, the plan envisages
deploying nuclear-capable Rafale fighters across Europe and building new bases,
communications, early-warning and intelligence links with partners. Britain,
Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium, Poland, Greece, Finland, Norway, Sweden and
Denmark have joined; the three Baltic states are excluded and Italy declined to
participate.
