Spanish media, citing rescue agencies, report a high-speed train collision near Toledo on the 28th has killed at least 39.

Oct 28 — China's Taiwan Affairs Office said Taipei's defense ministry has budgeted just over NT$80 mln to invite US personnel to observe the Han Kuang exercises this year and next. Spokesperson Chen Binhua said the Taiwan issue is China's internal affair and does not tolerate foreign interference, adding that the DPP's attempt to "use force to seek independence" or to "rely on outsiders to seek independence" is a miscalculation and "a dead end."

BOT: Inflation is expected to rise by early next year; medium‑term inflation expectations remain within the target.