波蘭外長西科爾斯基：波蘭希望看到黑海實現停火，以便烏克蘭和俄羅斯的糧食供應能夠運出。

The Wall Street Journal reports Ukrainian forces have informally paused attacks on Russian refineries after weeks of pressure that has shaken Kyiv’s confidence in US support. The pause, not officially announced by Kyiv, began early last week and is expected to last through the US midterm elections and possibly into November. Two Ukrainian officers said units conducting long-range strikes were told in mid‑October that, after completing current missions, operations against refineries would be suspended. The move followed public pressure from former US President Trump and restrictions on Ukrainian use of SpaceX’s Starlink; Ukraine’s defence minister told the president the pause was appropriate given the delicate diplomatic situation, and the president agreed while leaving open the option for forces to resume strikes unilaterally.

惠譽：目前預測法國債務/GDP將從2025年的115.7%升至2028年的約124%。