Bank of Japan says rate hikes could ease inflationary pressure and help support consumption.

Politico reports NATO members are preparing for a worst-case outcome from Tuesday’s US midterm elections. Five NATO diplomats told Politico European allies fear that if Republicans lose, President Trump could sharply escalate attacks on the alliance — potentially withdrawing thousands of US troops from Europe or cutting US funding to NATO to cement his political legacy. A senior European defense official said lame-duck presidents often vent frustration and take greater risks, and that attacking NATO has long been part of Trump’s worldview. Polls widely expect Democrats to win the House and possibly the Senate; Trump’s approval rating is at record lows.

韓國S-OIL公司：在沙特阿拉伯依賴兩條路線進行原油運輸；已通過長期合同鎖定大部分沙特阿拉伯原油供應。