Poland's Prime Minister Tusk said the dispute can be resolved without amending the constitution: the president should recognise judges lawfully appointed by the Sejm and allow them to assume their roles on the Constitutional Tribunal. He warned President Nawrocki's current hardline confrontation could impose an extremely heavy cost on Poland.

Jerusalem Post reports the IDF is prepared to join U.S. air strikes on Iran if ordered by Trump after the Nov. 3 U.S. midterm elections, though plans remain uncertain. The chance of an attack has risen after earlier aborted threats and as some advisers in Trump’s team again back military action. More than 10 U.S. military transport aircraft arrived this week at Nevatim and Ovda air bases in southern Israel, and Washington is moving air-defence systems and interceptors to Israel and select Arab partners. U.S. troop levels in the region remain below earlier peaks but these moves may signal an initial build-up. Washington and Jerusalem still disagree on specific operational targets.

Spain October manufacturing PMI 52.2, vs expected 50.8 and September 51.0.