An internal German Defence Ministry brief, reported by Politico, warned a rapid reduction in reliance on US weaponry could damage relations with Washington and deprive German defence firms of participation in US weapons production. The memo, discussed at the Bundestag defence committee, said Germany’s public push for autonomy in arms programmes will attract US criticism and that Germany cannot abruptly change course without risking the partnership. From 2021–25 the US accounted for 37% of German

Asked about closer ties with the EU, Bank of England Governor Bailey said he supports strengthening trade ties and greater openness.

Former Bank of Japan chief economist Seisaku Kameda said he expects the BOJ to raise rates in December and continue tightening next year until a terminal policy rate of about 2% to counter rising inflation. He said Friday’s global selloff pushed Japanese equities sharply lower but is unlikely to stop a December hike unless volatility persists through the BOJ’s Dec. 17-18 meeting. Kameda warned a pause would be warranted only if an AI-driven market collapse provoked a severe U.S. downturn that hit Japan. He expects the BOJ to lift the policy rate to roughly 1.5% in December, then tighten at about a quarterly pace toward 2%, citing strong corporate profits and a planned food tax cut as supporting Japan’s capacity to absorb higher rates.